Human Growth and Development
Lecture 3 - Biological Beginnings, Nature and Nurture
1/17/06
- Evolutionary Perspective
- Natural Selection
- Central Idea: S/He who ends up with the most babies wins
- Organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support
- Only offspring best suited to that environment survive long enough to reproduce
- Evolutionary Psychology
- focus on behavior
- Why haven’t things like Alzheimer’s and arthritis been selected out?
- Bidirectional View
- Genetic Foundations
- Chromosome - made up of genes
- Gene - "unit of heredity information"
- I.e. gene for blue eyes
- made up of DNA
- 46 Chromosomes (usually)
- Sperm and egg cells only have 1 set of 23 chromosomes each.
- Dominant and Recessive Genes
- Genotype
- Phenotype
- Polygenetic inheritance
- Reaction Range
- Canalization
- Behavior Genetics
- Study extent to which behavior is inherited
- Identical Twins (monozygotic)
- Fraternal Twins (dizygotic)
- Problems?
- Sex-linked Genes
- located on the X chromosome
- females have a "backup," males don’t
- color blindness
- some kinds of baldness
- hemophilia
- Sex Chromosome Abnormalities
- Klinefelter Syndrome - XXY
- Fragile X
- Turner Syndrome - XO
- YO
- XYY Syndrome
- Gene-Linked Abnormalities
- Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- Sickle-cell anemia
- Genetic Counseling...
- Heredity-Environment Interaction
- Intelligence
- Heredity-Environment Correlations
- Passive genotype-environment correlations
- Evocative genotype-environment correlations
- Active (niche-picking) genotype-environment correlations
- Shared & Nonshared Environmental Experiences
Human
Growth and Development
Last updated: 1/16/06