General Sites on Hemingway

• Virtual Hemingway -- The Hemingway Society  (the starting place -- and the most complete  -- for Hemingway online)
  
• Picturing Hemingway:  A Writer in His Time  --  National Portrait Gallery
  
• Ernest Hemingway  --  Addison Wesley Longman
  
• Hemingway in His Time  --  U. of Delaware Library, Special Collections
• "Ernest Hemingway:  A Storyteller's Legacy"  -- Megan Floyd Desnoyers,  J. F. Kennedy Library
• Hemingway biography  --  Hemingway Resource Center
• Ernest Hemingway:  Featured Author  --  New York Times
• A Hemingway Retrospective  --  CNN
  
• The Ernest Hemingway Collection  --  J. F. Kennedy Library
• Hemingway's FBI file
• "Hemingway Unbound"  --  James W. Tuttleton,  The New Criterion  (review of Mellow's Hemingway:  A Life Without Consequences)
  
• Hemingway's Birthplace Home in Oak Park, Illinois
  
• Hemingway and The Kansas City Star  (1917-1918)
• Hemingway's Paris:  A Hypertext Resource  --  Steven Lane, Malaspina University-College, Canada
• "Fitzgerald, Hemingway,  and The Sun Also Rises"  --  Paige Grande,  Literary Traveller
  
• Hemingway-Pfeiffer Museum and Educational Center in Piggott, Arkansas
  
• Hemingway home and museum in Key West
  

World War I

Modernism

Paris in the Twenties

General Sites on Spain

• An Overview of Spanish History -- Lonely Planet
• Spain -- Encarta Encyclopedia
• Si, Spain
• Spain -- A Country Study  --  Library of Congress
• Spanish History Index  -- World Wide Web Virtual Library
• Facts about Spain -- CIA World Factbook 2002
• All About Spain

The Civil War, 1936-1939--general sites

• Chronology of the War (The Visual Front -- U. California, San Diego)
• The Main Events of the Spanish Civil War
• The Spanish Revolution and Civil War, 1936-1939 (Eugene Plawiuk)--the single best site on the war
• La Guerra Civil Española, 1936-1939  (Manuel Sanromà, Universitat Rovira i Virgili de Tarragona)
• Las Brigadas Internacionales en La Guerra Civil Española (Asociación de Amigos de las Brigadas Internacionales)
• The Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives
• Warships of the Spanish Civil War
• Bibliography of the Spanish Civil War  (Janet L. Seymour,  Air University Library, Maxwell AFB)

The Visual Arts (Photography, Posters, Graphic Art)

• The Visual Front: Posters of the Spanish Civil War  (Southworth Collection, U. of California, San Diego)
• The Posters of the Spanish Revolution (Burn!--U. California, San Diego)
• Digital Exhibition of Posters from the Spanish Civil War  (La Fundación de Investigaciones Marxistas, Valencia)
• Shouts From the Wall -- images from the poster exhibit organzied by the Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives
• Propaganda of the Postage Stamps--PHILATELY OF THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR

Historical Overview: The Franco Years

• The Spanish Government and the Axis--primary documents from 1940-1943
• "The Post-Franco Era:  The Transition to Democracy" (Library of Congress)
• Post-Franco Reality  (Newsweek International, May 8, 2000)
• "The Strange Case of Karl and Adolf"  (The Economist, 1999)

Anarchists

• "Defining Anarchism"   (Jason Justice)
• **"Two Weeks That Shook Spain"  (Andrew Flood)
• The Spanish Civil War--Anarchism in Action   (Eddie Conlon) -- 1986
• The Spanish Revolution -- extensive outstanding links; much primary material    (Andrew Flood)
• Workers Against Work:  Labor in Paris and Barcelona during the Popular Fronts--the entire book online  (Michael Seidman, 1990)
• **"To Remember Spain:  The Anarchist and Syndicalist Revolution of 1936"  (Murray Brookchin)
• **Images from the Spanish Revolution -- 1936
• "Controversy:  Anarchists in the Spanish Revolution"  (Sam Dolgoff )
• Buenaventura Durruti -- Libertarian Communist Militant of Spain
• Libertarian Socialism -- excellent background info of the world-wide anarchist movement
• Liberty for the People -- another extensive list of anarchist sites, including much on the SCW
• Emma Goldman and the Spanish Civil War
• Anarchism in the Spanish Revolution
• "Lessons of People's War in Spain 1936-1939"    (from Progressive Labor, 1979)
• "Does Revolutionary Spain Show that Libertarian Socialism Can Work in Practice?"   (Infoshop.org)

Nationalists

• Francisco Franco  (Encyclopedia Britannica)
• "Franco's Nazi Haven"  (Paul Preston, History Today, 1997)
• The Carlists (Infoplease.com)
• Facism in Europe and The Spanish Falange
• The Falange (Encyclopedia Britannica)
• José Antonio Primo de Rivera  (Encyclopedia Britannica)
• Michael Seidman, "Quiet Fronts in the Spanish Civil War"  (The Historian, 1999)
• "Franco and Azana"  (Paul Preston, History Today, 1999)
• review of The Last Crusade (Warren H. Carroll, 1996)
• "If the Loyalists Had Won the Spanish Civil War....."  (John J. Reilly, 1997)
• "Antisemitism and the Extreme Right in Spain (1962–1997)" -- José L. Rodríguez Jiménez
• "Nazi Propagandist Joseph Goebbels Looks at the Spanish Civil War"   ( Robert H. Whealey,  The Historian, 1999)
• "Franco's Spain" -- review of  Franco Spain by Jean Grugel and Tim Ree -- (Michael Richards, The English Historical Review, 1999)

Socialists

• A German Socialist Writes About the Spanish Civil War   (Willy Brandt)
• "Spilling the Spanish Beans"  -- George Orwell, New English Weekly, 29 July and 2 September 1937
• "The Socialist Fallacy" [criticizing Orwell's socialism] --Scott Lucas, New Statesman, May 29, 2000

Communists

• **The Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels)
• **The Communist Party of Spain  (Encyclopedia Britannica)
• **Santiago Carrillo  (Encyclopedia Britannica)
• **Dolores Ibarruri  (Columbia Encyclopedia)
• **"Freedom Fighters or Comintern Army? The International Brigades in Spain" -- (Andy Durgan, International Socialism Journal, 1999)
• **excerpts from Spanish Tragedy (1939)    (Jef Last)
• **excerpts from Crusade in Spain (1974)   (Jason Gurney)
• **"There's a Valley in Spain"  (Alec McDade)
• **"Stalin and the Spanish Civil War"   (Anna Ciencciala)
• **"Writers Take Sides, Stalinists Take Control:  The Second International Congress for the Defense of Culture (Spain 1937) -- Robert S. Thornberry, The Historian, Spring, 2000
• **"The Soviet Union and the Spanish Civil War" (Compass Communist League, April, 1996)
• **Stalinism in Spain   (1938)
• Interview with Zbigniew Brzezinski  (on his book Grand Failure: The Birth and Death of Communism in the 20th  Century)
• Joseph Stalin biography (Gale Group Biography Resource Center)
• Joseph Stalin biography (The Cold War 1945-1991;  Gale Research, 1993)

Regional Perspectives:  The Basques and Catalonia

• "What's a Basque?"
• The Basque Country
• Buber's Basque Page (extensive)
• Fifty Dates in Basque History
• Basques Defend Ancient Culture
• Basque Self-Determination and the Spanish Civil War
• Home Page of the North American Basque Associations

The Catholic Church and The Spanish Civil War

• "The Vatican Buries International Law" (Joseph McCabe) -- a radical atheist's views of the Church in Spain during the 19th and early part of the 20th century
• review of  William A. Christian 's Visionaries: The Spanish Republic and the Reign of Christ -- (Alexandra Huneeus)
• review of Robert Hutchison's Their Kingdom Come: Inside the Secret World of Opus Dei   -- Arthur Jones, The National Catholic Reporter, Oct., 1998
• "Pope honors 233 killed in Spanish Civil War"  -- John L. Jr. Allen  (National Catholic Reporter, March 2001)

Women in the Civil War

• **"Women and Images of Women in the Spanish Civil War"   (Frances Lannon, 1991)
• **"Women’s Subversive Individualism in Barcelona during the 1930s"  (Michael Seidman, 1992)
• **"A German Communist in the Spanish Civil War"   (Eva Eisenschitz, 1986)
• The People Armed: Women in the Spanish Revolution
• "Mujeres Libres" -- (notes for a talk, July 1995) -- (Aileen O'Carroll)
• "Mujeres Libres" -- (from Workers Solidarity, June 1998) -- (Aileen O'Carroll)
• The Free Women of Spain
• Mujeres Libres anthem
• *Federica Montseny Mañé (1905-1994)  -- biographical page

International Involvement

• **The International Brigades   (Encyclopedia Britannica)
• "A Desperate Democracy Disregarded"   (Jacob Wedemeyer)
• **"Farewell Address to the Volunteers of the International  Brigades"  --  (Dolores Ibárruri, La Pasionaria, Barcelona, November 1, 1938)
• **the military organization of the International Brigades
• **Interviews with members of the British brigade (The Guardian, Nov. 2000)
• review of Into the Heart of the Fire: The British in the Spanish Civil War  by James K. Hopkins (Robert Stradling, The English Historical Review, Feb. 2000)
• "This is Where the War Is:  British Masculinity and the Spanish Civil War" -- Kris Rothstein
• **"Premature Anti-Fascist"  (Bernard Knox)
• **from Authors Take Sides (1937)
• **"Blood Flows in Badajoz"   (Jay Allen, 1936)
• "Franco's Irish Volunteers"  (General Eoin O'Duffy's fascist blueshirts)  Robert Stradling, History Today, 1995
• The Involvement of the International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War  (Rojer Dandry) --student essay
• Ireland and the Spanish Civil War
• International Brigade members from Sweden
• Australians in the International Brigades
• Austrians in the International Brigades
• Dutch in the International Brigades
• Sweden and the International Brigades
• The Botwin Company--Jewish volunteers against Facism

American Involvement:  The Lincoln Brigades

• **"Finding a Fight in Spain"  (James Morrow, US News and World Report, 1999)
• **"60 years After Jews Battle Fascism - Spanish Civil War Vets:  Passion Still Burns"  (Leslie Katz, 1997)
• **"Troublemakers"  (Jeffrey Sharlet)
• **"Old Soldiers"--(Tony Hendra, Harper's, 1997)
• "MASH in the Spanish Civil War" -- review of Hank Rubin's A Memoir of an American Medic in the Spanish Civil War  (Otto F Apel Jr, The Lancet, 1998)
• **Bill Bailey
• The Kid From Hoboken, Book Two:  Chapter XXI: Journey to War in Spain
• The Kid From Hoboken, Book Two:  Chapter XXII: Somewhere in Spain . . .
• The Kid From Hoboken, Book Three:  Chapter I: The Lonesome Ride Home
• Milton Wolff and the Spanish Civil War
• Emanuel Hochberg -- Spanish Civil War Veteran and Contemporary Artist
• Conlon Nancarrow
• Toby Jensky
• "The Aura of the Cause:  Photographs of the Spanish Civil War"  (Cary Nelson, Antioch Review, 1997)
• **Ernest Hemingway in the Spanish Civil War
• **"Winds of Another Sphere": Edwin Rolfe's Spanish Civil War Poetry as Moral Geography"  (Erich Nunn)
• **MAP site on Edwin Rolfe  (Cary Nelson)
• **Martin Espada writes about the Spanish Civil War

The Meaning of the War for the 21st Century

• **"Spanish Civil War Song"  -- Phil Ochs
• **lyrics to The Clash's "Spanish Bombs"
• **W. H. Auden's poem "Spain" (1937)
• **"From Whom the Bell Tolls:  The Spanish Civil War"  -- Christopher Hitchins and Ronald Radosh @ the Hoover
• ** letter to The Nation (on the Spanish Civil War)  -- Ron Radosh
• **"History to the Defeatist"  --  Christopher Hitchens, The Nation, Jan., 2000 -- a response to Radosh above
• **"The Spanish Civil War Revisited:  Better Franco than Stalin?"   -- Louis Menashe --a response to Hitchens above
• **"For Whom the Bell Tolls:  Requiem for the Spanish Left"   -- Lorenzo Peña
• "The Stories People Tell"  (on Stephen Spender and the Spanish Civil War) -- Bruce Jackson, Antioch Review, 1997

George Orwell

Djuna Barnes

Harry Fisher