1.  The exam will take place on Thursday, Feb. 19 from 8:20 to 9:35 am. in Jackson Hall 304.  

2.  The exam will be composed of 1)  ten (10) short (2-3 sentence) definitions and/ identification items and 2)  three (3) 200-250 word or so  "mini-essays" (actually just a sustantial paragraph-length response).  Be sure to bring your own pens and paper, or be prepared to find a computer to type out your exam.  

3.  The definitions and "ids" will come from the terms and concepts found in the glossary of Sturken and Cartwright's Practices of Looking, from lectures and class discussions, and from the terms linked on the class syllabus.    These short answer items could be critical terms or concepts, artists or critics' names, or individual works that we've studies.  If you have read the assigned readings and listened to the class discussions closely, and then go over your notes, you should do quite well on the exam.  There's a lot to study, but the exam will be be very reasonable.  Note:  an example from a past exam is attached to the bottom of this page.  The "mini-essays" will come from the questions listed below.   

4.  You are responsible for the material in Sturken and Cartwright's Practices of Looking and Clarke's The Photograph.  The background readings on the syllabus will not be drawn on for the exam, unless specifically indicated otherwise in the study questions below.  They will, however, be very helpful in constructing responses to the "mini-essay" questions.  

5.  Remember:  this is a closed-book, closed-note exam.  Looking at anything other than material inside your brain on this exam is a violation of the honor code.

6.  If you have any questions, please email me at jhendric@centenary.edu

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Remember:  You will be asked to identify and/or define ten (10) items similar to the ones below:  

Sample terms/names/concepts:  

1.  Robert Mapplethorpe
2.  representation
3.  ideology
4.  Stuart Hall
5.  Madonna
6.  social construction
7.  the gaze
8.  Robert Adams
9.  photographic truth
10.  Adbusters


You will be asked to write on three (3) of the following questions (which I will choose for you).   The following questions or series of questions are meant to be general directions for you to go in your writing.  What I'm looking for is your ability to make a coherent and detailed argument about the images and issues central to this course.  Feel free to take these "essays" in directions in which you are interested and passionate.  I'm looking for a substantial and imaginative interaction with the texts and issues of this course, supported by concrete references to the images and texts that we've encountered.  

From Practices of Looking:  
1.  What do Sturken and Cartwright (henceforth S & C) mean when they write about the myth of photographic truth?
2.  What do S & C mean when they state that "practices of looking are intimately tied to ideology"?  
3.  How do "image icons" function"?
4.  What does it mean to be an "ideological subject"?
5.  What does it mean to read an image "oppositionally"?  
6.  What was Laura Mulvey's original theory of the "male gaze"?
7.  What is one of the major critiques to Mulvey's original theory?  
8.  In what way was the discovery of perspective a "new way of seeing"?
9.  In what way can the ability to reproduce an image change its meaning?  
10.  In what way does "virtual reality" force us to re-think notions of "perspective" and "authenticity."
11.  What are some of the "democratic" implications of the mass media?
12.  What was the effect of sponsorship on the growth of television in America?
13.  What do S & C mean when they say that "all advertisements speak the language of transformation"?
14.  What are some of the central concepts associated with "modernism"?
15.  What are some of the central concepts associated with "postmodernism"?
16.  What is the function of parody in popular culture?
17.  In what ways is "scientific looking" challenged by contemporary practices of looking?
18.  Is the internet more "global village" or "multinational corporate marketplace"?


From classroom discussion and the online readings:
1.  In Madonna's music videos, is she in control of, or a victim of,  "the gaze"?
2.  What are the significant differences between the representation of the female body in the Calvin Klein ad "Truth" and Jock Sturges's photo "Misty Dawn, Northern California, 2000"?
3.  In what ways does an historical interpretation help us understand the representation of the male body in "The Dying Gaul,"  Louis-Francois Roubiliac's "Monument to George Friederic Handel" and Wilhelm Lehmbruck's "Standing Youth"?