1. James L. Kugel and Rowan A. Greer, Early Biblical Interpretation (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1986) 111.
2. For this reason, the subtitle of Harnack's classical work on Marcion is particularly appropriate: The Gospel of the Foreign God. A. von Harnack, Marcion: Das Evangelium vom frendem Gott (Berlin: AkademieVerlag, 1960). 3. J. M. Schmid, Marcion and His Influence, trans. E. C. Blackman (London: SPCK, 1948), 76.
4. Kugel and Greer, Early Biblical Interpretation, 126.
5. Dialogue with Trypho 114.1 (ANF, 1:256).
6. On this point, see Robert M. Grant, The Earliest Lives of Jesus (London: SPCK, 1961) 45-46.
7. Origen, De principiis, 4, 1, 16 (ANF, 4:365).
8. R. P. C. Hanson, Allegory and Event: A Study of the Sources and Significance of Origen's Interpretation of Scripture (London: SCM, 1959) 243.
9.   Barn. 10.3.
10. Barn. 9.4-5.
11. Hanson, Allegory and Event, 247-48.
12. Ibid., 248.
13. Dialogue with Trypho 114.1 (ANF, 1:256).
14. Ibid., 40.1 (ANF, 1:214).
15. Ibid., 41.1 (ANF, 1:215).
16. Ibid., 140.1 (ANF, 1:269).
17. Adv. haer. 4.20.12 (ANF, 1:492).
18. Justin 1 Apology, 55.1 (ANF, 1:181).
19. This is a subject I have discussed elsewhere. See Christian Thought Revisited: Three Types of Theology (Nashville: Abingdon, 1989) 65-76.
20. M. F. Wiles, "Origen as Biblical Scholar," in The Cambridge History of the Bible, 3 vols. ( Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 1963-70) 1:472.
21. Barn. 7 (ANF, 1:141).
22. Barn. 8 (ANF, 1:142).
23. Horn. 69, in The Homily on the Passion byBishop Melito of Sardis, trans. Campbell Bonner (London: Christophers, 1940) 176.
24. Rowan A. Greer, Theodore of Mopsuestia: Exegete and Theologian (Westminster: Faith Press, 1961) 107.
25. Bernard, Sermons on the Song of Songs 2.2.
26. Beryl Smalley, "The Bible in the Medieval Schools," in The Cambridge History of the Bible, 2:214-16.
27. Ibid., 2:215-16.
28. St. Bonaventure Quaestiones disputatae de scientia Christi, q. 1.
29. On Trent, its decisions, and how they were interpreted and applied, see F. J. Crehan, "The Bible in the Roman Catholic Church from Trent to the Present Day," in The Cambridge History of the Bible, 3:199-237.
30. Quoted by Con de de Cedillo, El Cardenal Cisneros, Gobernador del Reino (Madrid: Real Academia de la Historic, 1921-28) 1:195.
31. Jaroslav Pelikan, Luther the Expositor, companion volume to Luther's Works (St. Louis: Concordia, 1959) 46-47.
32. R. H. Bainton. "The Bible in the Reformation," in The Cambridge History of the Bible, 3:12.
33. Pelikan, Luther the Expositor, 112.
34. Bainton, "The Bible," 13.
35. J. B. Rogers and D. K. McKim, The Authority and Interpretation of the Bible: An Historical Approach (New York: Harper & Row, 1979) 97-100.
36. Bainton, "The Bible," 13-14.
37. On the theory of biblical inspiration of Lutheran scholasticism, see J. L. Gonzalez, A History of Christian Thought, 2nd ed., vol. 3 (Nashville: Abingdon, 1987) 261-63; on Turretin's, ibid., 276-77.
38. John Wesley, "Preface to the Old Testament," in John Wesley's Commentary on the Bible: A One Volume Condensation of His ExplanatoryNotes; ed. G. Roger Schoenhals (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1990) 20.
39. W. Neil, "The Criticism and Theological Use of the Bible, 1700-1950," The Cambridge History of the Bible, 3:281.
40. See the article by C. R. Holladay, "Contemporary Methods of Reading the Bible," in this volume, in which he lists the following methods that have resulted from this approach to Scripture, or at least hate been enhanced by it: textual criticism, source criticism, traditio-historical criticism, form criticism, redaction criticism, composition criticism, audience criticism, and canonical criticism.
41. "They could show . . . that such a picture of Jesus or of the OT prophets . . , told more about the ideals of bourgeois Christianity in the late nineteenth century than about the carpenter from Nazareth or the little man from Tekoa." (K. Stendahl, "Biblical Theology, Contemporary," in The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, 4 vols. Nashville: Abingdon, 1962), 1:418).
42. S. J. De Vries, "Biblical Criticism, History of," in ibid., 1:417.
43. "The Rise of Modern Biblical Scholarship," in The Cambridge History; of the Bible, 3:322.
44. Stendahl, "Biblical Theology," 425.
45. Norman K. Gottwald, The Tribes of Yahweh: A Sociology of the Religion of Liberated Israel, 1250-1050 B.C.E. (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1979) 11.
46. See in this volume the articles by Chan-Hie Kim, James Earl Massey, Carolyn Osiek, Fernando F. Segovia, and George E. Tinker. See also the chapter "Visions of the Word," in J. L. Gonzalez, Out of Every Tribe and Nation: Christian Theology at the Ethnic Roundtable (Nashville: Abingdon, 1992) 38-60.